Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives with respect to the principles that should guide the national artificial intelligence strategy of the United States.

H. Res. 1250 In the House of Representatives, U. S., December 8, 2020. Resolved, SECTION 1. GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE NATIONAL ARTIFI- CIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES. (a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) In general, artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer system to solve problems and to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence. (2) Artificial intelligence will transform the nature of work and nearly all aspects of the United States econ- omy. (3) Artificial intelligence will have immense implica- tions for the security of the United States and its allies and partners. (4) Investments made by the United States Govern- ment will be instrumental in the research and develop- ment of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence- 2 •HRES 1250 EH enabling technologies, as it has been for many of the world’s revolutionary technologies. (5) Developing and using artificial intelligence in ways that are ethical, reduce bias, promote fairness, and protect privacy is essential for fostering a positive effect on society consistent with core United States values. (6) The Obama Administration released the Big Data Research and Development Initiative in 2012, Ex- ecutive Order 13702 (relating to creating a national strategic computing initiative) in 2015, and the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Stra- tegic Plan in 2016. (7) The Trump Administration released Executive Order 13859 (relating to maintaining American leader- ship in artificial intelligence), updated the National Arti- ficial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan in 2019, and released Office of Management and Budget guidance for regulation of artificial intelligence applications in 2020. (8) In May 2019, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) adopted the OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence, which in- cluded the principles of inclusive growth, sustainable de- velopment and well-being, human-centered values and 3 •HRES 1250 EH fairness, transparency and explainability, robustness, se- curity and safety, and accountability. (9) In February 2020, the European Commission began a consultation process with the release of their white paper ‘‘On Artificial Intelligence - A European ap- proach to excellence and trust’’, which set out policy op- tions for a coordinated European approach to artificial intelligence regulation. (10) In June 2020, the G7 and several partners launched the Global Partnership on Artificial Intel- ligence to increase cooperation focused around the areas of responsible artificial intelligence, data governance, the future of work, and innovation and commercialization. (11) Several United States allies, including Canada, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and South Korea, have published national artificial intelligence strategies with detailed funding commitments. (12) In 2017, China published a national artificial intelligence strategy that detailed the Chinese Com- munist Party’s goal to become the world’s primary artifi- cial intelligence innovation center by 2030. (13) In 2019, Russia published a national artificial intelligence strategy and, in 2017, Russian President 4 •HRES 1250 EH Vladimir Putin said that ‘‘whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world’’. (14) In 2018, the Subcommittee on Information Technology of the Committee on Oversight and Govern- ment Reform of the House of Representatives, under the leadership of Chairman Will Hurd and Ranking Member Robin Kelly, published ‘‘Rise of the Machines: Artificial Intelligence and its Growing Impact on U.S. Policy’’ fol- lowing a series of hearings on artificial intelligence with experts from academia, industry, and government, con- cluding that ‘‘the United States cannot maintain its global leadership in artificial intelligence absent political leadership from Congress and the Executive Branch’’. (15) Congress serves a critical role in establishing national priorities, funding scientific research and devel- opment, supporting emerging technologies, and sus- taining cooperation with our allies to protect the national security of the United States. (b) NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY PRINCIPLES.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the following principles should guide the national artifi- cial intelligence strategy of the United States: (1) Global leadership. (2) A prepared workforce. (3) National security. 5 •HRES 1250 EH (4) Effective research and development. (5) Ethics, reduced bias, fairness, and privacy. SEC. 2. GLOBAL LEADERSHIP. It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States should take a global leadership role in artificial intelligence. SEC. 3. WORKFORCE PREPARATION. (a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) Artificial intelligence and automation will present significant challenges to workers in affected in- dustries due to the automating of some routine and re- petitive tasks, but will also create additional employment opportunities. (2) Closing the artificial intelligence talent gap in the short and medium-term will require a targeted ap- proach to identifying and filling roles that require the skills to build and work with artificial intelligence sys- tems. (3) The United States should take a leadership role in the artificial intelligence-driven economy by filling the artificial intelligence talent gap and preparing United States workers for the jobs of the future, including by prioritizing inclusivity and equal opportunity. 6 •HRES 1250 EH (4) Departments and agencies of the Federal Gov- ernment are increasingly using data to administer bene- fits, assess outcomes, and fulfill other mission-critical ac- tivities. (5) Effectively creating, managing, and imple- menting artificial intelligence related research and devel- opment grants will require technical expertise. (6) Departments and agencies of the Federal Gov- ernment will need to be able to recruit employees with technical expertise. (7) Lifelong learning and skill acquisition can in- crease flexibility with respect to career opportunities. (8) The United States will need to be able to at- tract the best artificial intelligence researchers and com- puter scientists from around the world to work in the United States. (b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— (1) EDUCATION.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the national competitiveness of the United States in artificial intelligence would benefit from— (A) increased funding for Federal programs that support science, technology, engineering, math- ematics, and computer science education; 7 •HRES 1250 EH (B) grant programs that continue funding the integration of ethics courses and modules into science, engineering, and computer science cur- ricula; (C) new education programs of study related to artificial intelligence that incorporate industry-rec- ognized credentials, including certifications and cer- tificates, embedded within secondary and postsec- ondary degree programs; and (D) continued support for teacher preparation programs that increase the number of teachers with the ability to teach science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science education. (2) PROMOTING DIVERSITY.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that— (A) the inclusion of students from historically under-represented groups in existing technology education programs would benefit a diverse artifi- cial intelligence workforce; and (B) recruitment and retention policies with re- spect to under-represented communities and marginalized groups in the Federal workforce should be reviewed for the purpose of determining if such policies require modification for technology workers. 8 •HRES 1250 EH (3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the Federal Government should assess the effectiveness of current public workforce development programs with respect to the additional support such programs will need to effec- tively address job disruptions and job creations that result from the increased use of artificial intel- ligence. (B) WORK-BASED LEARNING AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAMS.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the Federal Government should support the adoption of work-based learning and on-the-job training programs to prepare the United States workforce for an artificial intel- ligence-influenced economy, including by— (i) undertaking studies to determine best practices to implement such programs; and (ii) ensuring that there is sufficient Fed- eral funding to support high-quality programs that coordinate with Federal workforce devel- opment programs. (4) FEDERAL HIRING PRACTICES.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the Federal Gov- ernment should— 9 •HRES 1250 EH (A) allow technical experts to use their skills to assist multiple departments and agencies of the Federal Government, such as the United States Digital Service; (B) focus on the retention of non-partisan ex- perts within the Federal Government who are work- ing to modernize Federal information technology; (C) include in the criteria for recruiting for ar- tificial intelligence jobs the consideration of a multi- disciplinary set of skills, including an understanding of ethical practices with respect to the design and use of artificial intelligence systems, privacy, infor- mation security, law, and civil liberties; (D) review hiring practices for employment in the Federal Government for the purpose of ensuring that such practices do not disqualify individuals with a less traditional background, including due to a lack of undergraduate or graduate degree attain- ment, who have skills that will benefit work in arti- ficial intelligence systems management and research and development; and (E) conduct studies with respect to best prac- tices for skills-based hiring. 10 •HRES 1250 EH SEC. 4. NATIONAL SECURITY. (a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) Artificial intelligence will have immense implica- tions for national and international security. (2) Artificial intelligence tools and systems can aug- ment human intelligence through human-machine col- laboration and teaming across the national security eco- system. (3) Ensuring that the public trusts the ability of the military to ethically use artificial intelligence and that human operators in human-machine teams trust the artificial intelligence will be critical factors with respect to the successful implementation of artificial intelligence systems. (4) The continued proliferation of national artificial intelligence strategies, plans, statements, and invest- ments demonstrates the increase in global competition in this area. (5) New paradigms will be required to effectively test artificial intelligence and to ensure that it is reliable and stable. (6) Export and investment controls will be impor- tant policy tools to prevent the acquisition of sensitive artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence-enabling technologies, including hardware such as semiconductors 11 •HRES 1250 EH and semiconductor manufacturing equipment, by China, Russia, and other adversaries. (b) MATTERS TO CONSIDER.— (1) COLLABORATION WITH FOREIGN NATIONS.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States should— (A) leverage its alliances to promote demo- cratic principles, foster research collaboration, and develop common standards with respect to artificial intelligence; (B) promote the interoperability of artificial in- telligence for the purpose of strengthening alliances; (C) along with allies, take a leading role in international forums to set artificial intelligence principles, norms, and standards; and (D) undertake efforts to engage with China and Russia with respect to— (i) shared concerns about artificial intel- ligence safety; and (ii) confidence-building by establishing cri- sis communications procedures designed to re- duce the likelihood of unintentional use and the risk of escalation with respect to artificial intel- ligence systems. 12 •HRES 1250 EH (2) FOREIGN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAPA- BILITY.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that national security agencies should consider condi- tions-based and capabilities-based approaches when eval- uating global artificial intelligence capabilities. (3) DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that national se- curity agencies should— (A) collaborate with experts in academia, the private sector, and other departments and agencies of the Federal Government to develop best practices for testing, evaluation, validation, and verification of artificial intelligence systems; (B) devote agency resources, including invest- ing in research, for the purpose of promoting trust- worthiness with respect to human-machine teams; (C) engage with experts to develop guidelines for the ethical development and use of artificial in- telligence systems; and (D) prioritize the development of artificial in- telligence systems to cover non-critical tasks until such systems can achieve suitable standards of reli- ability, interoperability, and security. (4) EXPORT AND INVESTMENT CONTROLS.—It is the sense of the House of Representatives that the 13 •HRES 1250 EH United States should collaborate with its allies to pre- vent the misuse of artificial intelligence systems by China, Russia, and other adversaries. SEC. 5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. (a) FINDINGS.—The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) Federal funding plays an important role in re- search and development. (2) Federal research and development investments need to be significantly increased to ensure United States leadership in artificial intelligence. (3) Federally supported research will play an impor- tant role in supporting artificial intelligence techniques that are critical to United States artificial intelligence leadership, including by exploring novel techniques that leverage smaller data sets to train artificial intelligence systems and making more efficient use of computing re- sources. (4) Artificial intelligence advances are enabled by Federal research and development investments in other technology sectors because United States economic com- petitiveness and national security will depend on strong capabilities across a range of technologies. (5) Computing power is essential to progress in ar- tificial intelligence development, and the amount of com- 14 •HRES 1250 EH puting power required for artificial intelligence training runs is increasing ex [Text truncated for display. Full text available on Congress.gov.]