U.S. Leadership in Space Act of 2019

I 116TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 5470 To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep space exploration, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DECEMBER 17, 2019 Mr. WEBER of Texas introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology A BILL To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep space exploration, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 4 ‘‘U.S. Leadership in Space Act of 2019’’. 5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 6 this Act is as follows: 7 Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION Sec. 101. Steppingstone approach to exploration. Sec. 102. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions. VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6211 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 2 •HR 5470 IH Sec. 103. Establishment of Artemis program management office. Sec. 104. Advanced cislunar and lunar surface capabilities. Sec. 105. Advanced spacesuits. Sec. 106. Life science and physical science research. Sec. 107. Value of International Space Station and capabilities in low-Earth orbit. Sec. 108. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station. Sec. 109. Commercial development in low-Earth orbit. Sec. 110. Maintaining a national laboratory in space. TITLE II—SAFETY AND TRANSPARENCY Sec. 201. Crew transportation safety. TITLE III—U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY Sec. 301. Cybersecurity. Sec. 302. Exemption from the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act. Sec. 303. Limitation on cooperation with the People’s Republic of China. Sec. 304. Countering Chinese threats to U.S. activities in space. Sec. 305. Consideration of issues related to contracting with entities receiving assistance from or affiliated with the People’s Republic of China. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 1 In this Act: 2 (1) ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘Administra- 3 tion’’ means the National Aeronautics and Space 4 Administration. 5 (2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis- 6 trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 7 Aeronautics and Space Administration. 8 (3) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON- 9 GRESS.—Except as otherwise expressly provided, the 10 term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ 11 means— 12 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 13 and Transportation of the Senate; and 14 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 3 •HR 5470 IH (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 1 Technology of the House of Representatives. 2 (4) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘‘cislunar 3 space’’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 4 orbit out to and including the region around the sur- 5 face of the Moon. 6 (5) DEEP SPACE.—The term ‘‘deep space’’ 7 means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, 8 including cislunar space. 9 (6) DEVELOPMENT COST.—The term ‘‘develop- 10 ment cost’’ has the meaning given the term in sec- 11 tion 30104 of title 51, United States Code. 12 (7) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter- 13 national Space Station. 14 (8) ISS MANAGEMENT ENTITY.—The term 15 ‘‘ISS management entity’’ means the organization 16 with which the Administrator has entered into a co- 17 operative agreement under section 504(a) of the Na- 18 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Au- 19 thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)). 20 (9) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na- 21 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 22 (10) JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.—The term 23 ‘‘Johnson Space Center’’ means the Lyndon B. 24 Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 4 •HR 5470 IH (11) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the 1 multipurpose crew vehicle described in section 303 of 2 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 3 Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 4 (12) OSTP.—The term ‘‘OSTP’’ means the Of- 5 fice of Science and Technology Policy. 6 (13) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.—The term 7 ‘‘Space Launch System’’ means the Space Launch 8 System authorized under section 302 of the National 9 Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 10 (42 U.S.C. 18322). 11 (14) LUNAR GATEWAY.—The term ‘‘Lunar 12 Gateway’’ means the Lunar Orbital Platform ref- 13 erenced in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 14 2019 (Public Law 116–6). 15 TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT 16 AND EXPLORATION 17 SEC. 101. STEPPINGSTONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION. 18 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 70504 of title 51, United 19 States Code, is amended to read as follows: 20 ‘‘§ 70504. Steppingstone approach to exploration 21 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in sustain- 22 able steps, may conduct missions to intermediate destina- 23 tions, such as the Moon, in accordance with section 24 20302(b), and on a timetable determined by the avail- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 5 •HR 5470 IH ability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of 1 human exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) 2 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au- 3 thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)), if the 4 Administrator— 5 ‘‘(1) determines that each such mission dem- 6 onstrates or advances a technology or operational 7 concept that will enable human missions to Mars; 8 and 9 ‘‘(2) incorporates each such mission into the 10 human exploration roadmap under section 432 of 11 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 12 Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 13 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note). 14 ‘‘(b) CISLUNAR SPACE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES.— 15 In conducting a mission under subsection (a), the Admin- 16 istrator shall— 17 ‘‘(1) use a combination of launches of the Space 18 Launch System and space transportation services 19 from United States commercial providers, as appro- 20 priate, for the mission; 21 ‘‘(2) plan for not fewer than one Space Launch 22 System launch annually beginning after the Artemis 23 II mission; and 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 6 •HR 5470 IH ‘‘(3) establish an outpost in orbit around the 1 Moon that— 2 ‘‘(A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 3 and operational concepts directly applicable to 4 the space vehicle that will be used to transport 5 humans to Mars; 6 ‘‘(B) has the capability for periodic human 7 habitation; and 8 ‘‘(C) can function as a point of departure, 9 return, or staging for Administration or non- 10 governmental or international partner missions 11 to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 12 other destinations. 13 ‘‘(c) COST-EFFECTIVENESS.—To maximize the cost- 14 effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utili- 15 zation activities of the United States, the Administrator 16 shall take all necessary steps, including engaging non- 17 governmental and international partners, to ensure that 18 activities in the Administration’s human space exploration 19 program are balanced in order to help meet the require- 20 ments of future exploration and utilization activities lead- 21 ing to human habitation on the surface of Mars. 22 ‘‘(d) COMPLETION.—Within budgetary consider- 23 ations, once an exploration-related project enters its devel- 24 opment phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the max- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 7 •HR 5470 IH imum extent practicable, to complete that project without 1 undue delay. 2 ‘‘(e) INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION.—To achieve 3 the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to 4 the surface of Mars, the Administrator shall invite the 5 partners in the ISS program and other nations, as appro- 6 priate, to participate in an international initiative under 7 the leadership of the United States.’’. 8 (b) DEFINITION OF CISLUNAR SPACE.—Section 9 10101 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by add- 10 ing at the end the following: 11 ‘‘(3) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 12 space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 13 orbit out to and including the region around the sur- 14 face of the Moon.’’. 15 (c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 16 Section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 17 tration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18302) is 18 amended by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting 19 the following: 20 ‘‘(2) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON- 21 GRESS.—The term ‘appropriate committees of Con- 22 gress’ means— 23 ‘‘(A) the Committee on Commerce, 24 Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 8 •HR 5470 IH ‘‘(B) the Committee on Science, Space, 1 and Technology of the House of Representa- 2 tives. 3 ‘‘(3) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 4 space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 5 orbit out to and including the region around the sur- 6 face of the Moon.’’. 7 SEC. 102. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO 8 ARTEMIS MISSIONS. 9 (1) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics 10 and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 11 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20301 note) is 12 amended— 13 (A) in subsection (c)(3)— 14 (i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 15 ‘‘Artemis I’’; 16 (ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 17 ‘‘Artemis II’’; and 18 (iii) by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 19 ‘‘Artemis III’’; and 20 (B) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ‘‘EM– 21 3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 22 (2) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics 23 and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 9 •HR 5470 IH (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note) is 1 amended— 2 (A) in paragraph (3)(D)— 3 (i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 4 ‘‘Artemis I’’; and 5 (ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 6 ‘‘Artemis II’’; and 7 (B) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘EM– 8 3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 9 SEC. 103. ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN- 10 AGEMENT OFFICE. 11 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con- 12 gress that— 13 (1) the Johnson Space Center was established 14 in 1961 to serve as the centralized location to house 15 the organizations that led the Apollo program; 16 (2) the Johnson Space Center has decades of 17 experience working with international partners, 18 other Federal agencies, and partners in industry and 19 academia to study, develop, and carry out the 20 human spaceflight priorities of the United States; 21 (3) the Johnson Space Center’s architecture 22 and program roles include crewed mission manage- 23 ment, program definition and management, systems 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 10 •HR 5470 IH analysis and concepts, as well as overall crewed des- 1 tination system development integration; 2 (4) NASA has documented its lessons learned 3 for complex program management within the NASA 4 Policy Directive (NPD 7120.4) for Program/Project 5 Management and NASA Space Flight Program and 6 Project Management Requirements (NPR 7120.5). 7 These documents delineate the scope and expecta- 8 tions for successful program implementation in 9 NASA; and 10 (5) the Artemis program should leverage the ex- 11 pertise unique to Johnson Space Center. 12 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN- 13 AGEMENT OFFICE.— 14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es- 15 tablish the Artemis program management office at 16 Johnson Space Center. 17 SEC. 104. ADVANCED CISLUNAR AND LUNAR SURFACE CA- 18 PABILITIES. 19 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con- 20 gress that— 21 (1) NASA developed the Artemis program— 22 (A) to fulfill the goal of landing United 23 States astronauts, including the first woman 24 and the next man, on the Moon by 2024; and 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 11 •HR 5470 IH (B) to collaborate with commercial and 1 international partners to establish sustainable 2 lunar exploration by 2028; and 3 (2) in carrying out the Artemis program, the 4 Administration should ensure that the entire 5 Artemis program is inclusive and representative of 6 all people of the United States, including women and 7 minorities. 8 (b) LANDER PROGRAM.— 9 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall fos- 10 ter the flight demonstration of not more than 2 11 human-class lunar lander designs through public-pri- 12 vate partnerships. 13 (2) INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE.—The Ad- 14 ministrator may support the formulation of more 15 than 2 concepts in the initial development phase. 16 (c) LUNAR GATEWAY PROGRAM.— 17 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es- 18 tablish an outpost in orbit around the Moon that— 19 (A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 20 and operational concepts directly applicable to 21 the space vehicle that will be used to transport 22 humans to Mars; 23 (B) has the capability for periodic human 24 habitation; and 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470 pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS 12 •HR 5470 IH (C) can function as a point of departure, 1 return, or staging for Administration or non- 2 governmental or international partner missions 3 to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 4 other destinations. 5 (d) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the programs 6 under subsection (b) and subsection (c), the Administrator 7 shall— 8 (1) enter into industry-led partnerships using a 9 fixed-price, milestone-based approach; 10 (2) to the maximum extent practicable, encour- 11 age reusability and sustainability of systems devel- 12 oped; 13 (3) ensure availability of one or more lunar 14 polar science payloads for a demonstration mission; 15 and 16 (4) to the maximum extent practicable, offer ex- 17 isting capabilities and assets of NASA centers to 18 su [Text truncated for display. 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