AI–IA

II 116TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 1558 To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate research and devel- opment on artificial intelligence for the economic and national security of the United States, and for other purposes. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MAY 21, 2019 Mr. HEINRICH (for himself, Mr. PORTMAN, and Mr. SCHATZ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation A BILL To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate research and development on artificial intelligence for the economic and national security of the United States, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 4 ‘‘Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act’’ or ‘‘AI–IA’’. 5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 6 this Act is as follows: 7 Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6211 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 2 •S 1558 IS Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. Sec. 3. Definitions. TITLE I—NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE Sec. 101. National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Initiative. Sec. 102. National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office. Sec. 103. Interagency Committee on Artificial Intelligence. Sec. 104. National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee. Sec. 105. Study on the artificial intelligence workforce. TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES Sec. 201. National Institute of Standards and Technology activities on artificial intelligence. TITLE III—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCI- PLINARY CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION Sec. 301. Research and education program on artificial intelligence and artifi- cial intelligence engineering. Sec. 302. Multidisciplinary Centers for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education. TITLE IV—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Sec. 401. Research and development program on artificial intelligence. SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 1 It is the sense of Congress that— 2 (1) there is a need for a National Artificial In- 3 telligence Initiative, including a comprehensive strat- 4 egy for and coordination across agencies on research 5 and development on artificial intelligence; 6 (2) there are currently several interagency com- 7 mittees working on related tasks with respect to ar- 8 tificial intelligence; and 9 (3) the reporting structure of such committees 10 could be simplified to address efficiently the goals of 11 an initiative described in paragraph (1). 12 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 3 •S 1558 IS SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 1 In this Act: 2 (1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term ‘‘ar- 3 tificial intelligence’’ includes the following: 4 (A) Any artificial system that performs 5 tasks under varying and unpredictable cir- 6 cumstances without significant human over- 7 sight, or that can learn from experience and im- 8 prove performance when exposed to data sets. 9 (B) An artificial system developed in com- 10 puter software, physical hardware, or other con- 11 text that solves tasks requiring human-like per- 12 ception, cognition, planning, learning, commu- 13 nication, or physical action. 14 (C) An artificial system designed to think 15 or act like a human, including cognitive archi- 16 tectures and neural networks. 17 (D) A set of techniques, including machine 18 learning, that is designed to approximate a cog- 19 nitive task. 20 (E) An artificial system designed to act ra- 21 tionally, including an intelligent software agent 22 or embodied robot that achieves goals using 23 perception, planning, reasoning, learning, com- 24 municating, decision making, and acting. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 4 •S 1558 IS (2) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advi- 1 sory Committee’’ means the advisory committee es- 2 tablished or designated under section 104. 3 (3) EMERGING RESEARCH INSTITUTION.—The 4 term ‘‘emerging research institution’’ means an in- 5 stitution of higher education that— 6 (A) receives less than $20,000,000 in Fed- 7 eral research funding annually; and 8 (B) may grant a doctoral degree. 9 (4) INDUSTRY.—The term ‘‘industry’’ means 10 entities in industries relevant to artificial intel- 11 ligence. 12 (5) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘Initiative’’ means 13 the National Artificial Intelligence Research and De- 14 velopment Initiative established under section 101. 15 (6) INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 16 The term ‘‘institutions of higher education’’ has the 17 meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher 18 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 19 (7) INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE.—The term 20 ‘‘Interagency Committee’’ means the interagency 21 committee established or designated under section 22 103. 23 (8) K–12 EDUCATION.—The term ‘‘K–12 edu- 24 cation’’ means elementary school and secondary edu- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 5 •S 1558 IS cation, as such terms are defined in section 8101 of 1 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801). 3 (9) MACHINE LEARNING.—The term ‘‘machine 4 learning’’ means a subfield of artificial intelligence 5 that is characterized by giving computers the auton- 6 omous ability to progressively optimize performance 7 of a specific task based on data without being explic- 8 itly programmed. 9 (10) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The 10 term ‘‘minority-serving institution’’ means any of 11 the following: 12 (A) A Hispanic-serving institution (as de- 13 fined in section 502(a) of the Higher Education 14 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a))). 15 (B) A Tribal College or University (as de- 16 fined in section 316(b) of the Higher Education 17 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b))). 18 (C) An Alaska Native-serving institution 19 (as defined in section 317(b) of the Higher 20 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))). 21 (D) A Native Hawaiian-serving institution 22 (as defined in section 317(b) of the Higher 23 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))). 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 6 •S 1558 IS (E) A Predominantly Black Institution (as 1 defined in section 318(b) of the Higher Edu- 2 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059e(b))). 3 (F) A Native American-serving nontribal 4 institution (as defined in section 319(b) of the 5 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6 1059f(b))). 7 (G) An Asian American and Native Amer- 8 ican Pacific Islander-serving institution (as de- 9 fined in section 320(b) of the Higher Education 10 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059g(b))). 11 TITLE I—NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL 12 INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 13 AND DEVELOPMENT INITIA- 14 TIVE 15 SEC. 101. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 16 AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE. 17 The President shall establish and implement an ini- 18 tiative with respect to artificial intelligence to be known 19 as the ‘‘National Artificial Intelligence Research and De- 20 velopment Initiative’’. In carrying out the Initiative, the 21 President shall, acting through appropriate Federal enti- 22 ties, including the Networking and Information Tech- 23 nology Research and Development Program— 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 7 •S 1558 IS (1) establish objectives, priorities, and metrics 1 for strategic plans under section 103(d) to accelerate 2 development of science and technology applications 3 for artificial intelligence in the United States; 4 (2) invest in research, development, demonstra- 5 tion, application to analysis and modeling, and other 6 activities with respect to science and technology in 7 artificial intelligence; 8 (3) support the development of a workforce 9 pipeline for science and technology with respect to 10 artificial intelligence by making strategic invest- 11 ments to— 12 (A) expand the number of researchers, 13 educators, and students with training in science 14 and technology in artificial intelligence; 15 (B) increase the number of skilled and 16 trained workers from underrepresented commu- 17 nities who can contribute to the development of 18 artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence 19 technology, diversify the artificial intelligence 20 workforce, and expand the artificial intelligence 21 workforce pipeline; 22 (C) promote the development and inclusion 23 of multidisciplinary curricula and research op- 24 portunities for science and engineering with re- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 8 •S 1558 IS spect to artificial intelligence, including ad- 1 vanced technological education, during the pri- 2 mary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, 3 postdoctoral, adult learning, and career retrain- 4 ing stages of education; and 5 (D) equip workers with the knowledge and 6 skill sets required to operate effectively in occu- 7 pations and workplaces that will be increasingly 8 influenced by artificial intelligence; 9 (4) facilitate coordination of efforts and collabo- 10 ration with respect to research and development of 11 artificial intelligence among government agencies, 12 Federal and national laboratories, nonprofit organi- 13 zations, institutions of higher education, and indus- 14 try; 15 (5) leverage existing Federal research invest- 16 ments, and partner with industry and institutions of 17 higher education to leverage knowledge and re- 18 sources, to advance objectives and priorities of the 19 Initiative; 20 (6) strengthen research, development, dem- 21 onstration, and applications in science and tech- 22 nology with respect to artificial intelligence by— 23 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 9 •S 1558 IS (A) addressing gaps in basic research 1 knowledge with respect to artificial intelligence 2 through research; 3 (B) promoting the further development of 4 facilities and centers available for research, 5 testing, and education in science and technology 6 with respect to artificial intelligence; 7 (C) stimulating research on, and pro- 8 moting more rapid development and commer- 9 cialization of, artificial intelligence-based tech- 10 nologies; 11 (D) promoting research into the effects of 12 artificial intelligence and applications of artifi- 13 cial intelligence on society, the workforce and 14 workplace, and individuals, including those from 15 underrepresented communities; 16 (E) promoting data and model sharing 17 among the Federal government, academic re- 18 searchers, the private sector, and other practi- 19 tioners of artificial intelligence; 20 (F) identifying and minimizing inappro- 21 priate bias in data sets, algorithms, and other 22 aspects of artificial intelligence; and 23 (G) supporting efforts to create metrics to 24 assess safety, security, and reliability of applica- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 10 •S 1558 IS tions of science and technology with respect to 1 artificial intelligence; and 2 (7) ensure that research, development, dem- 3 onstration, and applications efforts with respect to 4 artificial intelligence create measurable benefits for 5 all individuals in the United States, including mem- 6 bers of disadvantaged and underrepresented groups. 7 SEC. 102. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COORDI- 8 NATION OFFICE. 9 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 10 Science and Technology Policy, in consultation with the 11 Director of the National Science Foundation, the Sec- 12 retary of Energy, and the Secretary of Commerce, shall 13 establish or designate, and appoint a director of, an office 14 to be known as the ‘‘National Artificial Intelligence Co- 15 ordination Office’’ (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Of- 16 fice’’). 17 (b) DUTIES.—The Office shall— 18 (1) provide technical and administrative support 19 to the Advisory Committee; 20 (2) serve as the point of contact on Federal ar- 21 tificial intelligence activities for government organi- 22 zations, academia, industry, professional societies, 23 State artificial intelligence programs, interested cit- 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 11 •S 1558 IS izen groups, and others to exchange technical and 1 programmatic information; 2 (3) conduct public outreach, including dissemi- 3 nation of findings and recommendations of the Advi- 4 sory Committee (as appropriate); and 5 (4) promote access to and development of early 6 applications of the technologies, innovations, and ex- 7 pertise that benefit the public derived from Initiative 8 activities to agency missions and systems across the 9 Federal Government, and to United States industry, 10 including startup companies. 11 (c) FUNDING.—The Office shall be funded through 12 interagency funding. 13 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 14 of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office 15 of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to the Com- 16 mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 17 Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech- 18 nology of the House of Representatives a report on fund- 19 ing for the National Artificial Intelligence Coordination 20 Office. The report shall include— 21 (1) the amount of funding required to ade- 22 quately fund the Office; 23 (2) the adequacy of existing mechanisms to 24 fund the Office; and 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 22:03 May 31, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1558.IS S1558 pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS 12 •S 1558 IS (3) the actions taken by the director of the Of- 1 fice to ensure stable funding for the Office. 2 SEC. 103. INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON ARTIFICIAL IN- 3 TELLIGENCE. 4 (a) IN GENER [Text truncated for display. Full text available on Congress.gov.]