SADRA

II 116TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 2066 To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JULY 9, 2019 Mr. RISCH (for himself, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Mr. RUBIO, and Mr. COONS) intro- duced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations A BILL To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 4 ‘‘Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Review Act of 2019’’ or 5 ‘‘SADRA’’. 6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 7 this Act is as follows: 8 Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF UNITED STATES SAUDI RELATIONS VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6211 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 2 •S 2066 IS Sec. 101. Sense of Congress on actions of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sec. 102. Comprehensive review of the United States-Saudi bilateral relation- ship. TITLE II—SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA Sec. 201. Findings. Sec. 202. Denial of visas to certain officials of the Government of Saudi Arabia. TITLE III—COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SAUDI GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Sec. 301. Preventing diplomats from aiding and abetting flights from justice. Sec. 302. Review of Saudi facility activities. TITLE IV—PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE WAR IN YEMEN AND PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS Sec. 401. Statement of policy. Sec. 402. Sense of Congress. Sec. 403. Strategy for ending the war in Yemen. Sec. 404. Measures in response to Iranian actions aggravating the civil war in Yemen. Sec. 405. Report on accountability for violations of international law, including war crimes, and other harm to civilians in Yemen. Sec. 406. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons hindering humani- tarian access and threatening the peace or stability of Yemen. Sec. 407. Report on interdiction of illegally supplied weapons to Yemen. Sec. 408. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons supporting the Houthis in Yemen. Sec. 409. Authority to enter into a cooperative agreement to protect civilians in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates from weaponized unmanned aerial systems. Sec. 410. Emergency protection for Yemeni cultural property. Sec. 411. Technical assistance to improve governance at the Central Bank of Yemen. Sec. 412. Modification of certifications regarding actions by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in Yemen. TITLE V—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 501. Rule of construction with respect to International Emergency Eco- nomic Powers Act. Sec. 502. Rule of construction with respect to use of military force. Sec. 503. Sunset. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 1 In this Act: 2 (1) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms 3 ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, and ‘‘alien’’ have the 4 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 3 •S 2066 IS meanings given those terms in section 101 of the 1 Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). 2 (2) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, with 3 respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, 4 means that a person has actual knowledge, or should 5 have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the 6 result. 7 TITLE I—COMPREHENSIVE RE- 8 VIEW OF UNITED STATES 9 SAUDI RELATIONS 10 SEC. 101. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACTIONS OF THE GOV- 11 ERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARA- 12 BIA. 13 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find- 14 ings: 15 (1) Historically, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 16 has been an important strategic partner of the 17 United States, and the United States and Saudi 18 Arabia share broad interests, including defeating the 19 Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), combating al 20 Qaeda and its affiliates, regional stability, and coun- 21 tering Iran’s malign activities in the Middle East. 22 (2) On June 21, 2017, King Salman appointed 23 Prince Mohammed bin Salman as Crown Prince and 24 heir apparent to the Saudi throne. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 4 •S 2066 IS (3) Following his elevation in the line of succes- 1 sion to the Saudi throne, Crown Prince Mohammed 2 bin Salman’s actions have had the potential to sig- 3 nificantly harm the United States historic relation- 4 ship with Saudi Arabia. The Crown Prince has fre- 5 quently behaved in a reckless manner, including ar- 6 resting those opposed to his rule. He has engaged in 7 problematic foreign policy, including pressuring the 8 Lebanese Prime Minister to resign, and he has con- 9 solidated his personal control over Saudi government 10 decision making. 11 (4) One of Mohammed bin Salman’s first acts 12 as Saudi Arabia’s minister of defense was to launch 13 a military campaign in Yemen with the stated objec- 14 tive of restoring the internationally recognized Gov- 15 ernment of Yemen, which had been forced out of 16 Yemen by Iran-backed Houthi forces and former 17 military units loyal to deposed President Ali Saleh. 18 (5) As of July 2019, Iranian-sponsored Houthi 19 rebels have conducted up to 14 ballistic missile and 20 weaponized unmanned aerial system attacks per 21 month against Saudi Arabia and the United Arab 22 Emirates, posing a significant threat and endan- 23 gering the lives of 80,000 Americans residing on the 24 Arabian Peninsula. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 5 •S 2066 IS (6) Yemen serves as sanctuary space for al 1 Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). AQAP ex- 2 ternal operations plotting poses a direct threat to 3 the United States and United States allies. AQAP 4 was responsible for the Paris attacks against the of- 5 fices of Charlie Hebdo in January 2015, and was in- 6 volved in terrorist plots against the United States, 7 including the ‘‘Christmas Day Bomber’’ in 2009 and 8 the ‘‘Times Square Bomber’’ in 2010. The ongoing 9 civil war and resulting instability has complicated ef- 10 forts to counter AQAP in Yemen. 11 (7) Yemen sits adjacent to the Bab el-Mandeb 12 strait, a strategic waterway located between Djibouti 13 and Yemen that links the Red Sea to the Indian 14 Ocean. Free flow of traffic through the strait, only 15 18 miles across at its narrowest point, is critical to 16 exports from the Persian Gulf and Asia destined for 17 Western markets. 18 (8) Iranian-sponsored Houthi coastal weapons, 19 explosive boats, and mines pose a direct threat to 20 the free flow of commerce and shipping through the 21 Bab el-Mandeb strait. 22 (9) In October 2016, Houthi forces struck a 23 United Arab Emirates merchant vessel, and twice 24 attacked a United States Navy vessel, the USS 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 6 •S 2066 IS Mason, as they transited the Bab el-Mandeb strait. 1 In July 2018, Iranian-sponsored Houthi forces at- 2 tacked and damaged two Saudi oil tankers attempt- 3 ing to transit the strait. 4 (10) According to the United Nations, the civil 5 war in Yemen is the world’s worst humanitarian cri- 6 sis and has resulted in approximately 24,000,000 7 Yemenis in need of humanitarian assistance, roughly 8 80 percent of the population. 9 (11) The Houthi seizure of the Sana’a Central 10 Bank has resulted in the inability to pay government 11 salaries in Yemen and the breakdown of banking 12 functions, which has complicated the humanitarian 13 crisis and further hampered access to aid supplies. 14 (12) Despite framework agreements in Stock- 15 holm and Hudaydah, the conflict in Yemen con- 16 tinues unabated. 17 (13) On June 5, 2017, Saudi Arabia, along 18 with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Egypt, 19 and other countries, severed diplomatic relations 20 with Qatar, recalled their ambassadors, expelled 21 Qatari diplomats, and imposed limits on the entry 22 and transit of Qatari nationals and vessels in their 23 territories, waters, and airspace. 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 7 •S 2066 IS (14) The blockade against Qatar has signifi- 1 cantly complicated relationships in the region and 2 hindered United States counterterrorism and 3 counter-Iran objectives, undermined United States 4 efforts to end regional conflicts, and empowered Ira- 5 nian influence in the region. 6 (15) According to the organization Reporters 7 without Borders, the number of arrests of journal- 8 ists and bloggers has doubled since the appointment 9 of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman. 10 (16) Under Crown Prince Mohammed bin 11 Salman, the Government of Saudi Arabia continues 12 to detain political prisoners, including Saudi wom- 13 en’s rights advocates. 14 (17) Jamal Khashoggi was a prominent Saudi 15 journalist and an outspoken critic of Crown Prince 16 Mohammed bin Salman. Throughout 2017 and 17 2018, Jamal Khashoggi wrote a series of opinion ar- 18 ticles offering pointed critiques and advice to Crown 19 Prince Mohammed bin Salman and to United States 20 and Saudi officials. 21 (18) Prior to his death, Jamal Khashoggi had 22 sought status as a lawful permanent resident of the 23 United States and was the father to four United 24 States citizens. On October 2, 2018, Jamal 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 8 •S 2066 IS Khashoggi disappeared during a visit to the Con- 1 sulate of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul, 2 Turkey. 3 (19) On October 8, 2018, the brother of Crown 4 Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Saudi Ambas- 5 sador to the United States, Prince Khalid bin 6 Salman, stated that ‘‘the reports that suggest that 7 Jamal Khashoggi went missing in the Consulate in 8 Istanbul or that the Kingdom’s authorities have de- 9 tained him or killed him are absolutely false, and 10 baseless’’. 11 (20) On October 19, 2018, the Saudi Ministry 12 of Foreign Affairs announced that Mr. Khashoggi 13 was murdered inside the Saudi consulate by Saudi 14 nationals on October 2, 2018. 15 (21) On December 13, 2018, the Senate passed 16 Senate Joint Resolution 69, a joint resolution sup- 17 porting a diplomatic solution in Yemen and con- 18 demning the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, stating 19 that the Senate ‘‘believes Crown Prince Mohammad 20 bin Salman is responsible for the murder of Jamal 21 Khashoggi’’ and calling on the Kingdom of Saudi 22 Arabia to ensure appropriate accountability for all 23 those responsible for Jamal Khashoggi’s murder. 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 9 •S 2066 IS (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE ACTIONS 1 OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SAUDI ARABIA.—It is the sense 2 of Congress that, since the promotion of Mohammad bin 3 Salman to the position of Crown Prince with significant 4 authority over foreign and domestic affairs of the King- 5 dom of Saudi Arabia, the Government of Saudi Arabia has 6 demonstrated increasingly erratic and disturbing conduct 7 that— 8 (1) threatens to undermine and alienate allies, 9 friends, and partners of the United States in efforts 10 to promote regional stability, economic growth, and 11 human rights; 12 (2) threatens to place United States national 13 interests in the Middle East in serious danger; and 14 (3) necessitates a comprehensive review of the 15 United States-Saudi bilateral relationship. 16 SEC. 102. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE UNITED 17 STATES-SAUDI BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP. 18 (a) REVIEW.—The Secretary of State, in consultation 19 with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National 20 Intelligence, and the Secretary of the Treasury and any 21 other department or agency the President may designate, 22 shall conduct a comprehensive review of United States re- 23 lations with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 24 (b) REPORT.— 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 10 •S 2066 IS (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days 1 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec- 2 retary of State shall submit to the appropriate con- 3 gressional committees a report with the findings of 4 the review conducted under subsection (a). 5 (2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 6 paragraph (1) shall include: 7 (A) A review of the foreign policy goals of 8 the Government of Saudi Arabia, with an eval- 9 uation as to whether those goals align with, or 10 could potentially cause damage to, United 11 States regional interests. 12 (B) An evaluation of the current risks to 13 United States policy, interests, and influence in 14 the Middle East created by the actions of the 15 Government of Saudi Arabia in furtherance of 16 its foreign policy goals, with particular atten- 17 tion to violations of treaty obligations, detention 18 of foreign government officials, and economic 19 embargoes of countries in the region. 20 (C) An analysis of the current diplomatic 21 relationships between Saudi Arabia and other 22 regional and global actors—in particular, Saudi 23 relationships with the Russian Federation and 24 the People’s Republic of China. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:28 Jul 16, 2019 Jkt 034408 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2066.IS S2066 pbinns on DSK79D2C42PROD with BILLS 11 •S 2066 IS (D) An evaluation of the human rights 1 record of the current Government of Saudi Ara- 2 bia and its compliance with internationally rec- 3 ognized individual, civil, and political rights, as 4 set forth in the Universal Declaration of 5 Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations 6 General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 7 1948, and other international agreements, in 8 particular with respect to the following factors: 9 (i) The extent to which officials of the 10 Government of Saudi Arabia, including 11 members of the military or security serv- 12 ices, are responsible for or complicit in 13 gross violations of internationally recog- 14 nized human rights, including violations of 15 the human rights of journalists, bloggers, 16 and those who support women’s rights or 17 religious freedom. 18 (ii) The extent to whic [Text truncated for display. 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