A resolution honoring the life and legacy of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, Cryptanalyst.

III 116TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. RES. 133 Honoring the life and legacy of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, Cryptanalyst. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES APRIL 1, 2019 Mr. WYDEN (for himself and Mrs. FISCHER) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to RESOLUTION Honoring the life and legacy of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, Cryptanalyst. Whereas Elizebeth Smith Friedman was born on August 26, 1892, in Huntington, Indiana; Whereas, at 19 years of age, Friedman began to study Greek and English literature at Wooster College in Ohio and later graduated from Hillsdale College in Michigan after transferring there; Whereas Friedman stumbled upon her career as a codebreaker by accident after assisting with cipher re- search at the Riverbank facility of businessman George Fabyan; Whereas, in the 1920s, government agents recruited Fried- man to break codes for the Coast Guard; VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:58 Apr 01, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR133.ATS SR133 kjohnson on DSK79L0C42 with BILLS 2 •SRES 133 ATS Whereas, based on her work, the Coast Guard subsequently asked Friedman to form a group to decrypt intercepts; Whereas, in the early 1930s, Friedman created and managed the first codebreaking unit ever to be run by a woman; Whereas, during World War II, Friedman and her team in the Coast Guard, working simultaneously with, but inde- pendently of, the well-known British codebreaking group led by Alan Turing, broke the Enigma G machine used by Germany, enabling the decryption of intercepted mes- sages between German operatives in South America and their overseers in Berlin, thus stopping an alliance be- tween Nazi Germany and countries in South America; Whereas Friedman co-authored several of the Riverbank Pub- lications, which became the ‘‘textbook’’ for training indi- viduals in the United States on encryption and codebreaking from the 1930s to the 1950s; Whereas J. Edgar Hoover of the Federal Bureau of Inves- tigation took credit for the achievements of Friedman and her team, leaving her work widely unrecognized until after her death; Whereas, in the 1990s, to honor the contributions of both Friedman and her husband, who was also a codebreaker, the National Security Agency renamed its auditorium as the William F. Friedman and Elizebeth S. Friedman Me- morial Auditorium; Whereas Elizebeth Smith Friedman continues to be a beacon of inspiration for women in the national security commu- nity and for women pursuing STEM-related fields; Whereas the work of individuals such as Elizebeth Smith Friedman distinctly shows how strong encryption tech- nology can change the course of history; and VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:58 Apr 01, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR133.ATS SR133 kjohnson on DSK79L0C42 with BILLS 3 •SRES 133 ATS Whereas Elizebeth Smith Friedman died on October 31, 1980, leaving behind a legacy of remarkable skill and technical ingenuity, woven together to solve the most complex secret messages in the world: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the Senate honors the life and con- 1 tributions of Elizebeth Smith Friedman, a pioneer in 2 codebreaking. 3 Æ VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:58 Apr 01, 2019 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\SR133.ATS SR133 kjohnson on DSK79L0C42 with BILLS