Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States condemns all forms of violence against children globally and recognizes the harmful impacts of violence against children.

H. Res. 230 In the House of Representatives, U. S., March 3, 2020. Whereas violence against children can take many forms, in- cluding sexual violence, physical violence, emotional vio- lence, abuse, neglect, and exploitation; Whereas, each year, more than 1,000,000,000 children world- wide are exposed to violence; Whereas, each year, the global economic impact of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against children is esti- mated to be as high as $7,000,000,000,000, which is 8 percent of global gross domestic product (‘‘global GDP’’); Whereas, around the world, an estimated 1 in 3 adolescent girls between 15 and 19 years of age, or 84,000,000 girls, have been victims of emotional, physical, or sexual violence, which is often perpetrated by individuals the girls know; Whereas 1 in 5 girls in the developing world is said to be married before reaching 18 years of age and, of those girls, an estimated 1 in 9 is said to be married before reaching 15 years of age; Whereas, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund (‘‘UNICEF’’), if current child marriage rates continue, 120,000,000 girls, an average of 12,000,000 girls a year, 2 •HRES 230 EH will be married before their 18th birthday over the next decade; Whereas 246,000,000 boys and girls experience school-re- lated, gender-based violence each year; Whereas children with disabilities reportedly are 3 to 4 times more likely to experience physical or sexual violence; Whereas the tens of millions of children living outside of fam- ily care, including those living on the streets, working away from home, or in residential care, are particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse; Whereas an estimated 152,000,000 children are involved in child labor and 4,300,000 children are subject to forced labor, including in situations of trafficking; Whereas nearly half of the 68,500,000 individuals who are currently displaced by conflict and war around the world are children, and displacement exposes those children to increased risk of exploitation, violence, and abuse; Whereas, according to the United Nations, from 2016 to 2017, verified cases of child recruitment, including forc- ible recruitment, and child participation in armed con- flict— (1) quadrupled in the Central African Republic; (2) doubled in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and (3) persisted at alarming levels in Somalia, South Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen; Whereas more than 10,000 children were killed or maimed in 2017 in armed conflict; Whereas the risks of online abuse and exploitation of children is constantly growing, with the National Center for Miss- ing and Exploited Children reviewing cases involving 3 •HRES 230 EH 25,000,000 child sexual abuse images in 2015, up from 450,000 in 2004; Whereas unaddressed exposure to violence disrupts the devel- opment of critical brain architecture and other organ structures, leaving children at lifelong risk of disease and reduced potential; Whereas studies show toxic stress relating to exposure to vio- lent or dangerous environments becomes damaging to learning, behavior, and health across a lifespan; Whereas violence against children can lead to negative health consequences, including injury, noncommunicable and communicable diseases, and poor maternal and child health outcomes; Whereas all forms of violence in childhood have a significant negative impact on educational outcomes, including by re- ducing school attendance and increasing dropout rates, and can further limit access to the physical, mental health, psychosocial, and cognitive protections that safe educational settings provide; Whereas decades of behavioral and social science research have demonstrated that building adaptive capacities, known as resilience, through stable and committed rela- tionships with a supportive caregiver or other adult can lessen the harmful developmental effects of violence in children and youth; Whereas, according to the Organization for Economic Co-op- eration and Development, the United States invests 0.5 percent of official development assistance in programs that are designed to prevent and address violence against children and youth; 4 •HRES 230 EH Whereas the United States, in coordination with public-pri- vate partnerships and other organizations, has endorsed the technical package called ‘‘INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence against Children’’ (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘INSPIRE’’) put forth by the World Health Organization with substantial technical input from the United States Government, including from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and United States Agency for International Development; Whereas INSPIRE contains seven evidence-based strategies to end violence against children that include— (1) implementing and enforcing relevant laws; (2) addressing harmful gender and other social norms; (3) creating and sustaining safe communities; (4) supporting parents and caregivers; (5) improving household economic security to reduce violence in the home; (6) improving access to health services, social wel- fare, and criminal justice support; and (7) ensuring safe school environments that provide gender-equitable education and social-emotional learning and life skills training; and Whereas the United States Agency for International Develop- ment, the Department of State, the Department of Labor, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Health and Human Services each play a critical role in preventing and responding to violence against children and youth: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Represent- atives that the United States— 5 •HRES 230 EH (1) condemns all forms of violence against children and youth globally, including physical, mental, and sex- ual violence, neglect, abuse, maltreatment, and exploi- tation; and (2) should— (A) develop and implement a comprehensive and coordinated strategy built on evidence-based practices, including the technical package called ‘‘INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence against Children’’ put forth by the World Health Organization; and (B) adopt common metrics and indicators to monitor progress across Federal agencies to pre- vent, address, and end violence against children and youth globally, including harmful impacts of vio- lence on the healthy development of children and the harmful economic impact of violence against children and youth globally. Attest: Clerk.