Department of Energy Science for the Future Act

IIB 117TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 3593 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JULY 12, 2021 Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources AN ACT To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development activities of the Department of Energy Of- fice of Science, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 2 HR 3593 RFS SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 1 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 2 Science for the Future Act’’. 3 SEC. 2. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE. 4 Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza- 5 tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the 6 end the following: 7 ‘‘(d) USER FACILITIES.—The Director shall carry 8 out the construction, operation, and maintenance of user 9 facilities to support the mission described in subsection 10 (c). As practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs 11 of the Department, industry, the academic community, 12 and other relevant entities for the purposes of advancing 13 the missions of the Department, improving the competi- 14 tiveness of the United States, protecting public health and 15 safety, and addressing other national priorities including 16 emergencies. 17 ‘‘(e) COORDINATION.— 18 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary— 19 ‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of the 20 Office of Science with the other activities of the 21 Department; 22 ‘‘(B) shall support joint activities among 23 the programs of the Department; 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 3 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(C) shall coordinate with other relevant 1 Federal agencies in supporting advancements in 2 related research areas as appropriate; and 3 ‘‘(D) may form partnerships to enhance 4 the utilization of and ensure access to user fa- 5 cilities by other Federal agencies. 6 ‘‘(2) OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—The Director— 7 ‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of pro- 8 grams and activities carried out by the Office of 9 Science; and 10 ‘‘(B) shall direct all programs which have 11 not recently completed a future planning road- 12 map consistent with the funding of such pro- 13 grams authorized under the Department of En- 14 ergy Science for the Future Act to complete 15 such a roadmap.’’. 16 SEC. 3. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM. 17 (a) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND INNO- 18 VATION ACT.—Section 303 of the Department of Energy 19 Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amend- 20 ed— 21 (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) 22 as subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and 23 (2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so re- 24 designated, the following: 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 4 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 1 under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza- 2 tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out 3 a research and development program in basic energy 4 sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, 5 chemical sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and 6 other disciplines, to understand, model, and control matter 7 and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels 8 in order to provide the foundations for new energy tech- 9 nologies, address scientific grand challenges, and support 10 the energy, environment, and national security missions 11 of the Department. 12 ‘‘(b) SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY.—In carrying out 13 chemistry-related research and development activities 14 under this section, the Director shall prioritize research 15 and development of sustainable chemistry to support 16 clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies 17 to traditional chemical products and processes.’’; 18 (3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated— 19 (A) in paragraph (3)— 20 (i) subparagraph (C), by striking 21 ‘‘and’’ at the end; 22 (ii) by redesignating subparagraph 23 (D) as subparagraph (E); and 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 5 HR 3593 RFS (iii) by inserting after subparagraph 1 (C) the following: 2 ‘‘(D) autonomous chemistry and materials 3 synthesis and characterization facilities that le- 4 verage advances in artificial intelligence; and’’; 5 and 6 (B) by adding at the end the following: 7 ‘‘(4) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 8 ‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 9 ‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means 10 the rate of flow of photons. 11 ‘‘(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘hard 12 x-ray’ means a photon with energy greater 13 than 20 kiloelectron volts. 14 ‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 15 provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Pho- 16 ton Source described in the publication ap- 17 proved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 18 Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on 19 Facility Upgrades’, including the development 20 of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a 21 high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x- 22 ray energy region and a suite of beamlines opti- 23 mized for this source. 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 6 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec- 1 retary shall, subject to the availability of appro- 2 priations, ensure that the start of full oper- 3 ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc- 4 curs before March 31, 2026. 5 ‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 6 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 7 shall be made available to the Secretary to 8 carry out the upgrade under this paragraph 9 $101,000,000 for fiscal year 2022 and 10 $56,000,000 for fiscal year 2023. 11 ‘‘(5) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROTON 12 POWER UPGRADE.— 13 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 14 provide for the proton power upgrade to the 15 Spallation Neutron Source. 16 ‘‘(B) PROTON POWER UPGRADE DE- 17 FINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 18 the term ‘proton power upgrade’ means the 19 Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade de- 20 scribed in— 21 ‘‘(i) the publication titled ‘Facilities 22 for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 23 Outlook’, published by the Office of 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 7 HR 3593 RFS Science of the Department of Energy in 1 December, 2003; 2 ‘‘(ii) the publication titled ‘Four Years 3 Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for 4 the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 5 Outlook’, published by the Office of 6 Science of the Department of Energy in 7 August, 2007; and 8 ‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 9 Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 10 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 11 Upgrades’. 12 ‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec- 13 retary shall, subject to the availability of appro- 14 priations, ensure that the start of full oper- 15 ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc- 16 curs before July 30, 2028, with the option for 17 early operation in 2025. 18 ‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 19 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 20 shall be made available to the Secretary to 21 carry out the upgrade under this paragraph 22 $49,800,000 for fiscal year 2022. 23 ‘‘(6) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE SECOND 24 TARGET STATION.— 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 8 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 1 provide for a second target station for the 2 Spallation Neutron Source. 3 ‘‘(B) SECOND TARGET STATION DE- 4 FINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 5 the term ‘second target station’ means the 6 Spallation Neutron Source second target station 7 described in— 8 ‘‘(i) the publication titled, ‘Facilities 9 for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 10 Outlook’, published by the Office of 11 Science of the Department of Energy in 12 December, 2003; 13 ‘‘(ii) the publication titled, ‘Four 14 Years Later: An Interim Report on Facili- 15 ties for the Future of Science: A Twenty- 16 Year Outlook’, published by the Office of 17 Science of the Department of Energy in 18 August, 2007; and 19 ‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 20 Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 21 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 22 Upgrades’. 23 ‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec- 24 retary shall, subject to the availability of appro- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 9 HR 3593 RFS priations, ensure that the start of full oper- 1 ations of the second target station under this 2 paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, 3 with the option for early operation in 2029. 4 ‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 5 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 6 shall be made available to the Secretary to 7 carry out the activities under this paragraph, 8 including construction— 9 ‘‘(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 10 ‘‘(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 11 2023; 12 ‘‘(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 13 2024; 14 ‘‘(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 15 2025; and 16 ‘‘(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 17 2026. 18 ‘‘(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 19 ‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 20 ‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means 21 the rate of flow of photons. 22 ‘‘(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘soft x- 23 ray’ means a photon with energy in the 24 range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 10 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 1 provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 2 Source described in the publication approved by 3 the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 4 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Up- 5 grades’, including the development of a 6 multibend achromat lattice to produce a high 7 flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray en- 8 ergy region. 9 ‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec- 10 retary shall, subject to the availability of appro- 11 priations, ensure that the start of full oper- 12 ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc- 13 curs before September 30, 2029. 14 ‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 15 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 16 shall be made available to the Secretary to 17 carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 18 ‘‘(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022; 19 ‘‘(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 20 2023; 21 ‘‘(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 22 2024; 23 ‘‘(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 24 2025; and 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 11 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 1 ‘‘(8) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 2 ENERGY UPGRADE.— 3 ‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 4 ‘‘(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term 5 ‘high energy x-ray’ means a photon with 6 an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt 7 range. 8 ‘‘(ii) HIGH REPETITION RATE.—The 9 term ‘high repetition rate’ means the deliv- 10 ery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses 11 per second. 12 ‘‘(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.— 13 The term ‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’ means 14 x-ray bursts capable of durations of less 15 than 100 femtoseconds. 16 ‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 17 ‘‘(i) provide for the upgrade to the 18 Linac Coherent Light Source II facility de- 19 scribed in the publication approved by the 20 Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 21 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 22 Upgrades’, including the development of 23 experimental capabilities for high energy x- 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 12 HR 3593 RFS rays to reveal fundamental scientific dis- 1 coveries; and 2 ‘‘(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 3 production and use of high energy, ultra- 4 short pulse x-rays delivered at a high rep- 5 etition rate. 6 ‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec- 7 retary shall, subject to the availability of appro- 8 priations, ensure that the start of full oper- 9 ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc- 10 curs before December 31, 2026. 11 ‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 12 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 13 shall be made available to the Secretary to 14 carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 15 ‘‘(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 16 2022; 17 ‘‘(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 18 2023; 19 ‘‘(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 20 2024; 21 ‘‘(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 22 2025; and 23 ‘‘(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026. 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 13 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(9) CRYOMODULE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE 1 FACILITY.— 2 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 3 provide for the construction of a cryomodule re- 4 pair and maintenance facility to service the 5 Linac Coherent Light Source II and upgrades 6 to the facility. The Secretary shall consult with 7 the private sector, universities, National Lab- 8 oratories, and relevant Federal agencies to en- 9 sure that this facility has the capability to 10 maintain, repair, and test superconducting ra- 11 diofrequency accelerator components. 12 ‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 13 to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 14 shall be made available to the Secretary to 15 carry out the activities under this paragraph— 16 ‘‘(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 17 ‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 18 ‘‘(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 19 2024; and 20 ‘‘(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 21 2025. 22 ‘‘(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER 23 RECAPITALIZATION PROJECT.— 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:40 Jul 13, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3593.RFS H3593 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 14 HR 3593 RFS ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 1 provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale 2 Science Research Centers, to include the up- 3 grade of equipm [Text truncated for display. 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