Quantum Network Infrastructure Act of 2021

I 117TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. R. 1866 To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure research and development program at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MARCH 11, 2021 Mr. ZELDIN (for himself, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. GONZALEZ of Ohio, Mr. WALTZ, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. GIMENEZ, Mrs. KIM of Cali- fornia, Mr. VALADAO, and Mr. POSEY) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology A BILL To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure research and development program at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum Network In- 4 frastructure Act of 2021’’. 5 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 6 Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 7 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 8 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 2 •HR 1866 IH (1) by redesignating paragraph (7) as para- 1 graph (8); and 2 (2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol- 3 lowing: 4 ‘‘(7) QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 5 The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 6 any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 7 to enable the development and deployment of scal- 8 able and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 9 SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN- 10 FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP- 11 MENT PROGRAM. 12 Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 13 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 14 the following: 15 ‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 16 INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP- 17 MENT PROGRAM. 18 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re- 19 ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out 20 a research, development, and demonstration program to 21 accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure 22 in order to— 23 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 3 •HR 1866 IH ‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 1 quantum computing systems through the internet 2 and intranet; 3 ‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 4 scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech- 5 nologies; and 6 ‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu- 7 nications technologies and strategies. 8 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the 9 Secretary shall— 10 ‘‘(1) coordinate with— 11 ‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 12 Foundation; 13 ‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 14 of Standards and Technology; 15 ‘‘(C) the Chair of the subcommittee on 16 Quantum Information Science of the National 17 Science and Technology Council established 18 under section 103(a); and 19 ‘‘(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 20 Economic and Security Implications of Quan- 21 tum Science; 22 ‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with indus- 23 try, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 24 education, and other research institutions to facili- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 4 •HR 1866 IH tate new quantum infrastructure methods and tech- 1 nologies, including— 2 ‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 3 loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec- 4 tions, and classical networking and cybersecu- 5 rity protocols; 6 ‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 7 state sources and transmission, control, and 8 measurement of quantum states; 9 ‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 10 short range local connections between quantum 11 processors; 12 ‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 13 signals between optical and telecommunications 14 regimes and quantum computer-relevant do- 15 mains, including microwaves; 16 ‘‘(E) development of quantum memory 17 buffers and small-scale quantum computers 18 that are compatible with photon-based quantum 19 bits in the optical or telecommunications wave- 20 lengths; 21 ‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 22 at both the terrestrial and space-based level 23 using quantum repeaters, allowing entangle- 24 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 5 •HR 1866 IH ment-based protocols between small- and large- 1 scale quantum processors; 2 ‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, re- 3 peaters, and related technologies necessary to 4 create secure long-distance quantum commu- 5 nication; and 6 ‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 7 quantum technology stack into traditional com- 8 puting networks, including the development of 9 remote controlled, high performance, and reli- 10 able implementations of key quantum network 11 components; 12 ‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic De- 13 velopment Consortium (QED–C) to transition com- 14 ponent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate 15 the development of a quantum supply chain for 16 quantum network technologies; 17 ‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci- 18 entific computing and material science to enhance 19 the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 20 materials and processes relevant to quantum net- 21 work infrastructure; 22 ‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds 23 necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental re- 24 search and development activities with diverse stake- 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 6 •HR 1866 IH holders from industry and institutions of higher edu- 1 cation; and 2 ‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 3 applications that span the Department of Energy’s 4 missions in energy, environment, and national secu- 5 rity. 6 ‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 7 Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex- 8 pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 9 ‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 10 Technology; 11 ‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 12 ‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- 13 ministration; 14 ‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 15 ‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 16 ‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 17 ‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 18 ‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information 19 Science Research Centers. 20 ‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 21 after the date of the enactment of the Quantum Network 22 Infrastructure Act of 2021, the Secretary shall submit to 23 the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 24 House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 25 VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS 7 •HR 1866 IH and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research 1 plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs re- 2 lating to quantum network infrastructure. 3 ‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall 4 review activities carried out under this section to deter- 5 mine the achievement of technical milestones. 6 ‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Funds authorized to be appro- 7 priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 8 there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 9 the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each 10 of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’. 11 Æ VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866 pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with BILLS