Condemning the military coup that took place on February 1, 2021, in Burma and the Burmese military detention of civilian leaders, calling for the release of all those detained and for those elected to serve in Parliament to resume their duties, and for other purposes.

H. Res. 134 In the House of Representatives, U. S., March 19, 2021. Whereas the military of Burma (hereinafter referred to as the ‘‘Tatmadaw’’) held power in Burma between 1962 and 2011; Whereas provisions in the 2008 Constitution of Burma, writ- ten by the Tatmadaw, allocate 25 percent of parliamen- tary seats to the Tatmadaw, conferring powers on the Tatmadaw that have been used to suppress basic rights, including freedoms of expression, assembly, and associa- tion; Whereas, in 2010, Burma conducted its first election, which was neither free nor fair, under the new Constitution, and which was boycotted by the National League for De- mocracy (NLD); Whereas Burma conducted elections in November 2015, in which the NLD came to power; Whereas Burma’s November 8, 2020, elections resulted in the NLD securing enough seats in Parliament to form the next government, notwithstanding the disenfranchise- ment of more than 1,500,000 voters, mostly from ethnic minority communities in Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, and Chin states; 2 •HRES 134 EH Whereas the Tatmadaw conducted a coup against the civilian government on February 1, 2021, hours before Par- liament was to convene in a new session; Whereas the Tatmadaw claimed they had evidence of par- liamentary election fraud perpetrated by the NLD and Burma’s Union Election Commission, an allegation that contradicted the judgment of several independent election monitoring organizations that the electoral process and outcome were credible despite minor irregularities; Whereas the Tatmadaw has detained unlawfully State Coun- selor Aung San Suu Kyi, President Win Myint, and other leaders of the NLD, as well as prodemocracy activists from the 88 Generation and other civil society leaders; Whereas the Tatmadaw has charged State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi with importing walkie-talkies illegally and President Win Myint with violating prohibitions on gath- erings during the COVID–19 pandemic; Whereas the Tatmadaw has declared a state of emergency until new elections are held in one year; Whereas the Tatmadaw has restricted freedom of movement, telecommunications, and the media, limiting access to in- formation to and from Burma during a political and pub- lic health crisis; Whereas, on January 31, 2021, the Secretary-General of the United Nations spokesperson released the following con- demnation of the coup, which reads, in part, ‘‘The Sec- retary-General strongly condemns the detention of State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, President U Win Myint and other political leaders on the eve of the open- ing session of Myanmar’s new Parliament. He expresses his grave concern regarding the declaration of the trans- 3 •HRES 134 EH fer of all legislative, executive and judicial powers to the military. These developments represent a serious blow to democratic reforms in Myanmar.’’; Whereas, on February 1, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., condemned the coup in a statement that read, in part, ‘‘The military’s seizure of power in Burma, the de- tention of Aung San Suu Kyi and other civilian officials, and the declaration of a national state of emergency are a direct assault on the country’s transition to democracy and the rule of law.’’; Whereas protests opposing the coup have swept Burma; Whereas the House of Representatives passed H. Res. 1091 on December 13, 2018, expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the atrocities committed against the Rohingya by the Tatmadaw and security forces beginning in August 2017 constituted crimes against humanity and genocide; and Whereas the United States has sanctioned Tatmadaw offi- cials previously, including Commander in Chief Min Aung Hlaing, for the atrocities committed against the Rohingya, and the International Court of Justice is in- vestigating the Tatmadaw’s conduct: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the House of Representatives— (1) condemns the military coup that took place on February 1, 2021; (2) stands with the people of Burma in their ambi- tion for sustainable peace, a genuine democracy, and the realization of human rights for all, including for ethnic 4 •HRES 134 EH minorities whose human rights have been violated re- peatedly and who have been disenfranchised historically; (3) condemns any attacks on civilians and supports the use of all diplomatic and development tools to ensure that civilians are safe during conflict; (4) calls on the Tatmadaw to— (A) release all those currently detained arbi- trarily as a result of the February 1st coup; (B) restore all forms of communications, in- cluding internet services; (C) remove all impediments to free travel that have been imposed as a result of the coup, apart from legitimate travel restrictions related to the COVID–19 pandemic; (D) return to power all members of the civilian government; (E) allow for freedom of expression, including the right to protest, press freedom, and freedom of movement; (F) allow unfettered reporting from local, na- tional, and international media; and (G) refrain from mass evictions; and (5) calls on the President of the United States and the Secretary of State to— 5 •HRES 134 EH (A) encourage both the return to power of all members of the civilian government and, subse- quently, constitutional reforms to address the power conferred to the Tatmadaw in Parliament and the disenfranchisement of ethnic minorities in Burma; (B) reinstate sanctions and impose new restric- tions aimed at the Tatmadaw and those responsible for the February 1st coup; (C) work with the international partners and multilateral institutions, including the United Na- tions Security Council, to condemn the coup and enact multilateral, targeted sanctions on the mili- tary, military-owned businesses, including the Myanmar Economic Corporation and Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited, and others connected to the coup, including an international arms embar- go; (D) coordinate with international partners and allies, especially those with economic investments in Burma, with respect to planned economic con- sequences for the coup and ensuring those con- sequences are tailored to avoid impacting Burmese civilians; 6 •HRES 134 EH (E) ensure that targeted sanctions allow all necessary exemptions to permit the delivery of hu- manitarian assistance to civilians in need; (F) ensure that United States-based social media companies, including Facebook, not allow their platforms to be used as vehicles for disinformation campaigns or advocating violence against the Burmese people; (G) implement restrictions on diplomatic, eco- nomic, and security relations with Burma until a full restoration of civilian-controlled Parliament, and release of those detained in connection with the coup; and (H) direct the United States Permanent Rep- resentative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to bring about greater international cooperation to pursue justice and accountability in Burma. Attest: Clerk.